Understanding and Using English Grammar - 5th Edition

1. PRESENT AND PAST; SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE

1a. Simple Present and Present Progressive

1b. Simple Present and Present Progressive: Affirmative, Negative, Question Forms

1c. Verbs not Usually used in the Progressive (Stative Verbs)

1d. Simple Past Tense

1e. Simple Past vs Past Progressive

1f. Unfulfilled Intentions: `Was/Were Going to`

2. PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES

2a. Regular and Irregular Verbs

2b. Irregular Verb List

2c. Present Perfect: `Since` and `For`

2d. Present Perfect: Unspecified Time and Repeated Events

2e. `Have` and `Has` in Spoken English

2f. Present Perfect vs Simple Past

2g. Present Perfect Progressive

2h. Past Perfect

2i. `Had` in Spoken English

2j. Past Perfect Progressive

3. FUTURE TIME

3a. Simple Future: Forms of `Will` and `Be Going To`

3b. `Will` vs. `Be Going To`

3c. Expressing the Future in Time Clauses

3d. Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time

3e. Future Progressive

3f. Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive

4. REVIEW OF VERB TENSES

5. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

5a. Final `-s/-es`: Use and Spelling

5b. Basic Subject-Verb Agreement

5c. Collective Nouns

5d. Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity

5e. Subject-Verb Agreement: Using `There`+`Be`

5f. Subject-Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities

6. NOUNS

6a. Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns

6b. Nouns as Adjectives

6c. Possessive Nouns

6d. More About Expressing Possession

6e. Count and Noncount Nouns

6f. Noncount Nouns

6g. Some Common Noncount Nouns

6h. Expressions of Quantity used with Count and Noncount Nouns

6i. Using `A Few` and `Few`; `A Little` and `Little`

6j. Singular Expressions of Quantity: `One`, `Each`, `Every`

6k. Using `Of` in Expressions of Quantity

7. ARTICLES

7a. Articles (`A`,`An`,`The`) with Indifinite and Definite Nouns

7b. Articles: Generic Nouns

7c. Descriptive Information with Definite and Indefinite Nouns

7d. General Guidelines for Article Usage

7e. Using `The` or `O` with Titles and Geographic Names

8. PRONOUNS

8a. Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives

8b. Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns

8c. Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns

8d. Reflexive Pronouns

8e. Using `You`, `One`, and `They` as Impersonal Pronouns

8f. Forms of `Other`

8g. Common Expressions with `Other`

9. MODALS, PART1

9b. Expressing Necessity: `Must`, `Have To`, `Have Got To`

9c. Lack of Necessity (`Not Have To`) and Prohibition (`Must Not`)

9d. Advisability/Suggestions: `Should`, `Ought To`, `Had Better`, `Could`

9e. Expectation: `Be Supposed To` / `Should`

9f. Ability: `Can`, `Know How To`, and `Be Able To`

9g. Possibility: `Can`, `May`, `Might`

9h. Requests and Responses with Modals

9i. Polite Requests with `Would You Mind`

9j. Making Suggestions: `Let's`, `Why Don't`, `Shall I / We`

10. MODALS, PART2

10a. Using `Would` to Express a Repeated Action in the Past

10b. Expressing the Past: Necessity, Advisability, Expectation

10c. Expressing Past Ability

10d. Degress of Certainty: Present Time

10e. Degress of Certainty: Present Time Negative

10f. Degress of Certainty: Past Time

10g. Degrees of Certainty: Future Time

10h. Progressive Forms of Modals

10i. Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals

10j. Expressing Preference: `Would Rather`

10k. Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions

11. THE PASSIVE

11a. Active vs Pasive

11b. Tense Forms of the Passive

11c. Using the Passive

11d. The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals

11e. Stative (Non-Progressive) Passive

11f. Common Stative (Non-Progressive) Passive Verbs + Prepositions

11g. The Passive with `Get`

11h. `-ed`/`-ing` Adjectives

12. NOUN CLAUSES

12a. Introduction

12b. Noun Clauses with Question Words

12c. Noun Clauses with `Whether` or `If`

12d. Question Words Followed by Infinitives

12e. Noun Clauses with `That`

12f. Quoted Speech

12g. Reported Speech

12i. The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses

13. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

13a. Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject

13b. Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb

13c. Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition

13d. Using `Whose`

13e. Using `Where` in Adjective Clauses

13f. Using `When` in Adjective Clauses

13g. Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns

13h. Punctuating Adjective Clauses

13i. Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses

13j. Using `Which` to Modify a Whole Sentence

13k. Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases

14. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES PART1

14a. Gerunds and Infinitives: Introduction

14b. Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds

14c. Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives

14d. Infinitives with Objects

14e. Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds

14f. Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions

14g. `Go` + Gerund

14h. Special Expressions Followed by `-ing`

14i. `It` + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects

14j. Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives

14k. Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds

14l. Reference List of Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds

15. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES PART2

15a. Infinitive of Purpose: `In Order To`

15b. Adjectives Followed by Infinitives

15c. Using Infinitives with `Too` and `Enough`

15d. Passive Infinitives and Gerundss: Present

15e. Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds: Active and Passive

15f. Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following `Need`

15g. Using Verbs of Perception

15h. Using the Simple Form After `Let` and `Help`

15i. Using Causative Verbs: `Make`, `Have`, `Get`

15j. Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund

16. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

16a. Parallel Structure

16b. Parallel Structure: Using Commas

16c. Punctuation for Independent Clauses; Connecting Them with `And` and `But`

16d. Paired Conjunctions: `Both ... And`; `Not Only ... But Also`; `Either .... Or`; `Neither ... Nor`

17. ADVERB CLAUSES

17a. Introduction

17b. Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships

17c. Using Adverb Clauses to Show Causes and Effect

17d. Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using `Even Though`

17e. Showing Direct Contrast: `While`

17f. Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: `If`-Clauses

17g. Shortened `If`-Clauses

17h. Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using `Whether Or Not` and `Even If`

17i. Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using `In Case`

17j. Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using `Unless`

17k. Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using `Only If`

18. REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES

18a. Introduction

18b. Changing Time Cluases to Modifying Adverbial Phrases

18c. Expressing the Idea of “During the Same Time” in Modifying Adverbial Phrases

18d. Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases

18e. Using `Upon` + `-ing` in MOdifying Adverbial Phrases

19. CONNECTIVES THAT EXPRESS CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST, AND CONDITION

19a. Introduction

19b. Using `Because Of` and `Due To`

19c.Cause and Effect: Using `Therefore`, `Consequently`, and `So`

19d. Summary of Patterns and Punctuation

19e. Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: `Such ... That` and `So ... That`

19f. Expressing Purpose: Using `So That`

19g. Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result)

19h. Showing Direct Contrast

19i. Expressing Conditions: Using `Otherwise` and `Or (Else)`

20. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES

20a. Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences

20b. Expressing Real Conditions in the Present or Future

20c. Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future

20d. Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Past

20e. Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences

20f. Using “Mixed Time” in Conditional Sentences

20g. Omitting `If`

20h. Implied Conditions

20i. Wishes About the Present and Past

20j. Wishes About the Futures; Use of `Wish` + `Would`